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索引管理与别名 ​

索引创建 ​

创建索引 ​

json
PUT /products
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 2,
    "refresh_interval": "1s"
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {"type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
      "price": {"type": "integer"},
      "category": {"type": "keyword"},
      "create_date": {"type": "date"}
    }
  }
}

Settings配置 ​

参数默认值说明
number_of_shards1主分片数
number_of_replicas1副本数
refresh_interval1s刷新间隔
max_result_window10000最大深度分页
json
PUT /my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 2,
    "refresh_interval": "5s",
    "max_result_window": 50000,
    "max_rescore_window": 20000,
    "max_script_fields": 20,
    "max_ngram_diff": 2
  }
}

Mappings配置 ​

json
PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": "strict",  // 严格模式
    "properties": {
      "title": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "fields": {
          "keyword": {"type": "keyword"}
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

字段类型 ​

类型说明
text文本，全文搜索
keyword关键字，精确匹配
integer/long整数
float/double浮点
boolean布尔
date日期
object对象
nested嵌套对象
ipIP地址
geo_point地理位置

索引别名 ​

创建别名 ​

json
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {"add": {"index": "products_2024", "alias": "products"}}
  ]
}

别名过滤 ​

json
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "products",
        "alias": "products_active",
        "filter": {"term": {"status": "active"}}
      }
    }
  ]
}

别名路由 ​

json
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "products",
        "alias": "products_v1",
        "routing": "category"
      }
    }
  ]
}

索引操作 ​

查看索引信息 ​

json
GET /products

GET /products/_settings
GET /products/_mappings
GET /products/_aliases

修改索引设置 ​

json
// 修改副本数
PUT /products/_settings
{
  "number_of_replicas": 1
}

// 关闭自动刷新
PUT /products/_settings
{
  "refresh_interval": -1
}

索引打开/关闭 ​

json
POST /products/_close
POST /products/_open

删除索引 ​

json
DELETE /products
DELETE /products,logs
DELETE /products*

动态映射 ​

dynamic配置 ​

json
PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": "strict",  // 严格，不允许新字段
    // "dynamic": false,   // 忽略新字段
    // "dynamic": true,    // 动态添加（默认）
    "properties": {...}
  }
}

动态模板 ​

json
PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic_templates": [
      {
        "strings_as_keywords": {
          "match_mapping_type": "string",
          "mapping": {"type": "keyword"}
        }
      },
      {
        "long_as_integer": {
          "match_mapping_type": "long",
          "mapping": {"type": "integer"}
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

索引重建 ​

Reindex ​

json
POST /_reindex
{
  "source": {"index": "old_index"},
  "dest": {"index": "new_index"}
}

跨集群Reindex ​

json
POST /_reindex
{
  "source": {
    "remote": {
      "host": "http://remotehost:9200",
      "username": "user",
      "password": "pass"
    },
    "index": "old_index"
  },
  "dest": {"index": "new_index"}
}

索引收缩 ​

json
POST /my_index/_shrink/my_index_shrunk
{
  "settings": {
    "index.number_of_shards": 1
  }
}

分裂索引 ​

json
POST /my_index/_split/my_index_split_2
{
  "settings": {
    "index.number_of_shards": 2
  }
}

面试考点 ​

Q: 主分片数能改吗？ ​

❌ 不能，只能重建

Q: 副本数可以改吗？ ​

✅ 可以动态调整

Q: 为什么用别名？ ​

  • 零停机重建索引
  • 实现路由
  • 过滤查询

Q: dynamic strict vs false？ ​

  • strict：严格模式，拒绝新字段
  • false：忽略新字段，不索引

最后更新: